Prof. Dr James J. Wirtz is Professor, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, USA. He is also Editor of the Palgrave MacMillan series, ‘Initiatives in Strategic Studies: Issues and Policies’; Section Chair of the ‘Intelligence Studies Section’ of the International Studies Association and President of the International Security and Arms Control Section of the American Political Science Association. His areas of expertise include International Relations Theory, Intelligence, Deterrence, Strategy, and Security Studies. Professor Wirtz is the author of Understanding Intelligence Failure: Warning Response and Deterrence (Routledge, 2016), apart from dozens of other books and co-edited volumes. His work on intelligence, deterrence, the Vietnam war, and military innovation and strategy has been widely published.